How to Become a Professional Sumo Wrestler

Becoming a sumo wrestler, or "rikishi," is more than just a career—it's a way of life steeped in tradition, discipline, and physical endurance. If you've ever dreamed of stepping into the dohyo (sumo ring) and competing at the highest level, here's what you need to know. Let’s break it down into three essential steps.

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1. **Meeting the Basic Requirements**

Before you can even think about training, you’ll need to meet the fundamental requirements set by the Japan Sumo Association. Aspiring rikishi must be male, between the ages of 15 and 23, and have completed at least nine years of formal education. Additionally, there are physical requirements: candidates must be at least 167 cm (about 5'6") tall and weigh at least 67 kg (about 148 lbs). While these numbers may seem modest compared to the size of professional sumo wrestlers, they ensure that candidates have a foundational physique to build upon. In some exceptional cases, restrictions may be relaxed for people who have achieved excellent results in other sports.

If you meet these criteria, the next step is finding a stable, or "heya," to join. A stable is more than just a training facility—it’s where you’ll live, eat, and train under the guidance of an oyakata (sumo coach). Reaching out to a stable often involves recommendations or networking within the sumo community, so building connections is key. Contacting a sumo stable directly is also an effective approach in recent times. Currently, there is a rule that only one foreigner is allowed per stable. And at present, most stables have foreign wrestlers in their ranks.

Currently, the number of wrestlers joining sumo at the age of 15 is decreasing.

2. **Embracing the Rigorous Lifestyle**

Once accepted into a stable, your life will revolve entirely around sumo. This includes grueling daily training sessions designed to build strength, agility, and technique. Training typically begins early in the morning and includes exercises like shiko (leg stomps), butsukari-geiko (pushing practice), and actual sparring matches. Mental discipline is just as important as physical prowess, as sumo requires focus, strategy, and respect for tradition.

Living in a stable also means adhering to strict rules and hierarchy. New recruits are expected to perform chores for senior wrestlers, such as cleaning and preparing meals. Speaking of meals, diet plays a critical role in a rikishi's development. You’ll eat calorie-dense dishes like chanko-nabe (a hearty stew) to gain the weight and muscle necessary for competition. This lifestyle may seem intense, but it’s designed to shape not only your body but also your character and dedication to the sport.

Eating a lot to grow bigger is also considered part of the training for Sumo.

3. **Climbing the Ranks**

Sumo wrestling has a highly structured ranking system, starting from the lowest division (Jonokuchi) all the way up to Yokozuna, the grand champion. As a new rikishi, you'll begin at the bottom and work your way up through tournaments held six times a year. Success depends on your win-loss record in official bouts, so consistent performance is crucial.

However, climbing the ranks isn't just about winning matches; it’s also about embodying the spirit of sumo. Respect for your opponents, humility in victory, and grace in defeat are all qualities that matter deeply in this sport. The road to becoming a Yokozuna is long and arduous, often taking years of dedication and perseverance. But for those who rise to the top, it’s an achievement that brings immense honor and recognition—not just for themselves but also for their stable and community.

Shiko is a traditional sumo practice involving leg lifts and stomps to build strength, flexibility, balance.

Becoming a sumo wrestler is no easy feat—it requires unwavering commitment, physical strength, and respect for tradition. But for those who are passionate about this ancient sport, it’s a journey unlike any other. Are you ready to take your first step into the world of sumo?